75 lines
2.9 KiB
Python
75 lines
2.9 KiB
Python
"""
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In this example, we'll cover the fundamental variable types in Python and introduce the basics of functions.
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Key Concepts:
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**Variables**: Variables store data that can be changed while the program is running.
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**Dynamic Typing**: Python is a dynamically-typed language, which means you don't need to specify
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the data type of a variable explicitly (unlike statically-typed languages like C or Java, where you do).
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- Example in Java: `int number = 1;`
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- In Python: `number = 1` (Python automatically understands that `number` is an integer).
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"""
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# The following are common variable types in Python. This list is not exhaustive, but it covers the basics.
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# Integer: An integer (int) represents a whole number, with no decimal point.
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number = 1
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# Float: A floating point number (float) represents a number with a decimal point.
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number_float = 1.1
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# String: A string (str) represents a sequence of characters, typically used for text.
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text = "Hello, World!"
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# Boolean: A boolean (bool) represents a logical value, either True or False.
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boolean = True
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# List: A list stores a collection of values in a specific order, and the values can be of any type.
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# Lists are mutable, meaning they can be changed after they’re created (e.g., adding or removing items).
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a_list = ["Apple", 64, 1.1, True]
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# Tuple: A tuple is similar to a list in that it can store multiple values, but it is immutable,
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# meaning once it’s created, it cannot be changed.
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a_tuple = ("Apple", 54, 11, 1.2, False)
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#dict: stores a value with a key
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# Dictionaries (dict) are extremely useful, they allow you to map a name (key) to a value.
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# they are mutable, meaning they can be changed after they’re created (e.g., adding or removing items).
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dictionary = {
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"Jan" : "January",
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"Feb" : "February",
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"Mar" : "March",
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"Apr" : "April",
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"May" : "May",
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"Jun" : "June",
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"Jul" : "July",
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"Aug" : "August",
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"Sep" : "September",
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"Oct" : "October",
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"Nov" : "November",
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"Dec" : "December"
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}
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"""
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A function allows you to define a reusable block of code that performs a specific task.
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Functions can:
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- Take input (called parameters or arguments)
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- Perform operations with that input
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- Return a result, or simply perform an action (like printing something)
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Below is a function called `show_type` that takes in one parameter, `var`, and prints its data type.
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"""
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def show_type(var):
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"""Prints the data type of the variable passed to it."""
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print(f"The type of {var} is {type(var)}")
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# Let's test our function with the variables defined above.
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show_type(number) # Expected output: <class 'int'>
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show_type(number_float) # Expected output: <class 'float'>
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show_type(text) # Expected output: <class 'str'>
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show_type(boolean) # Expected output: <class 'bool'>
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show_type(a_list) # Expected output: <class 'list'>
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show_type(a_tuple) # Expected output: <class 'tuple'>
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