Moved comments above items rather than inline

1_variables.py

@@ -67,9 +67,21 @@ def show_type(var):
     print(f"The type of {var} is {type(var)}")
 
 # Let's test our function with the variables defined above.
-show_type(number)         # Expected output: <class 'int'>
+
-show_type(number_float)   # Expected output: <class 'float'>
+# Expected output: <class 'int'>
-show_type(text)           # Expected output: <class 'str'>
+show_type(number)         
-show_type(boolean)        # Expected output: <class 'bool'>
+
-show_type(a_list)          # Expected output: <class 'list'>
+# Expected output: <class 'float'>
-show_type(a_tuple)         # Expected output: <class 'tuple'>
+show_type(number_float)   
+
+# Expected output: <class 'str'>
+show_type(text)
+
+# Expected output: <class 'bool'>
+show_type(boolean)      
+
+# Expected output: <class 'list'>  
+show_type(a_list)
+
+# Expected output: <class 'tuple'>          
+show_type(a_tuple)         

2_classes.py

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ class Person:
     
     # This is the constructor, whenever a new person is created it runs and can be used to assign the new person their attributes!
     def __init__(self, name, age, eye_color):
-        self.name = name # An attribute 
+        # An attribute 
+        self.name = name 
         self.age = age
         self.eye_color = eye_color
     
@@ -34,10 +35,14 @@ class Person:
              return f"{self.name} is too young ({self.age}) and can not apply for a driving permit."
 
 
-pedro = Person("Pedro", 19, "Brown") # Creates a new person with the following values
+# Creates a new person with the following values
+pedro = Person("Pedro", 19, "Brown") 
 
-print(pedro.canApplyForLicence()) # Runs the canApplyForLicence method, and prints the return value
+# Runs the canApplyForLicence method, and prints the return value
+print(pedro.canApplyForLicence()) 
 
-Iain = Person("Iain", 16, "Blue") # Creates a Another new person with the following values (iain armitage if you wanted to know.)
+# Creates a Another new person with the following values (iain armitage if you wanted to know.)
+Iain = Person("Iain", 16, "Blue") 
 
-print(Iain.canApplyForLicence()) # Runs the canApplyForLicence method, and prints the return value
+# Runs the canApplyForLicence method, and prints the return value
+print(Iain.canApplyForLicence()) 

3_advanced_classes.py

@@ -22,51 +22,70 @@ Key Concepts:
     IMPORTANT: Python does not strictly enforce access control, so these conventions mainly serve as guidelines.
 """
 
-from abc import ABC, abstractmethod  # This is the abstraction library in Python
+# This is the abstraction library in Python
-from typing import Optional  # Type hinting, not needed but reduces ambiguity. Note: not enforced at runtime.
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+# Type hinting, not needed but reduces ambiguity. Note: not enforced at runtime.
+from typing import Optional  
 
-class Shape(ABC):  # An abstract class, provides a blueprint for other classes to inherit.
+# An abstract class, provides a blueprint for other classes to inherit.
+class Shape(ABC):  
     
+    # This method is required in all subclasses, ensuring they provide their own area calculation.
     @abstractmethod
     def area(self) -> float: 
         """Implemented to ensure each subclass contains this method."""
-        # This method is required in all subclasses, ensuring they provide their own area calculation.
+        
 
 class Rectangle(Shape):
     def __init__(self, width: float, height: float):
-        self.__width = width  # A private attribute to store width.
+        # A private attribute to store width.
-        self.__height = height  # A private attribute to store height.
+        self.__width = width 
+        # A private attribute to store height.
+        self.__height = height  
 
-    @property  # This allows access to the private 'width' attribute in a controlled way.
+    # This allows access to the private 'width' attribute in a controlled way.
+    @property  
     def width(self) -> float:
         return self.__width
 
-    @width.setter  # This allows you to set the value of 'width' after initialization.
+    # This allows you to set the value of 'width' after initialization.
+    @width.setter  
     def width(self, value: float):
         if value <= 0:
             raise ValueError("Width must be positive.")
         self.__width = value
 
-    @property  # This allows access to the private 'height' attribute in a controlled way.
+    # This allows access to the private 'height' attribute in a controlled way.
+    @property 
     def height(self) -> float:
         return self.__height
 
-    @height.setter  # This allows you to set the value of 'height' after initialization.
+    # This allows you to set the value of 'height' after initialization.
+    @height.setter  
     def height(self, value: float):
         if value <= 0:
             raise ValueError("Height must be positive.")
         self.__height = value
 
     def area(self) -> float:
-        return self.__width * self.__height  # Calculates the area of the rectangle.
+        # Calculates the area of the rectangle.
+        return self.__width * self.__height  
 
     def set_dimensions(self, width: Optional[float] = None, height: Optional[float] = None):
         if width is not None:
-            self.width = width  # Sets 'width' using the setter.
+            # Sets 'width' using the setter.
+            self.width = width 
         if height is not None:
-            self.height = height  # Sets 'height' using the setter.
+            # Sets 'height' using the setter.
+            self.height = height  
 
 rect = Rectangle(5, 10)
-print(rect.area())  # Prints the area of the rectangle (5 * 10 = 50).
+
-rect.set_dimensions(width=8)  # Updates 'width' using the setter, height remains the same.
+# Prints the area of the rectangle (5 * 10 = 50).
-print(rect.area())  # Prints the new area of the rectangle (8 * 10 = 80).
+print(rect.area())
+
+# Updates 'width' using the setter, height remains the same.
+rect.set_dimensions(width=8)
+
+# Prints the new area of the rectangle (8 * 10 = 80).
+print(rect.area())  

4_decorators.py

@@ -14,20 +14,24 @@ Key Concepts:
 """
 
 import time
-
+# Initial function takes in another function as a arguement
-def timed(function: any) -> any: #initial function takes in another function as a arguement
+def timed(function: any) -> any:
-    
+     
-    def wrapper(*args: any, **kwargs: any) -> any: # the wrapper, takes in the arguements and keyword arguements from the function
+    # The wrapper, takes in the arguements and keyword arguements from the function
+    def wrapper(*args: any, **kwargs: any) -> any: 
         before = time.time()
         output = function(*args, **kwargs)
         after = time.time()
         print(f"{function.__name__} with output of {output} took {after-before}s to execute.")
-        return output # ensure the output of the function is passed back
+        # Ensure the output of the function is passed back
+        return output 
     
     return wrapper 
 
+# Python uses @ to use a wrapper on a function
 @timed
-def exponential_function(n: int) -> int:  # O(n^2) time complexity due to nested loops
+# O(n^2) time complexity due to nested loops
+def exponential_function(n: int) -> int:  
     output = 0
     for i in range(n):
         for j in range(i):
@@ -35,6 +39,10 @@ def exponential_function(n: int) -> int:  # O(n^2) time complexity due to nested
     return output
 
 # Test the decorated function
-print(exponential_function(1000))  # This will take some time to compute
+
-exponential_function(10000)  # This will take noticeably more time to compute
+# This will take some time to compute
+exponential_function(1000) 
+
+# This will take noticeably more time to compute
+exponential_function(10000)