python_catchup_2024/2_classes.py

"""
Their is going to be a relatively big jump in difficulty here, but dont be scared!
All you need to know to understand classes are variables and functions, as covered in the previous file.

Key Concepts:
    **class** is a blueprint for creating objects (specific instances of that class),
        a class represents a collection of attributes and methods to represent something (e.g a Person)
        
    **object** is an instance of a class with its own unique data.
    
    **attributes** are values tied to a object
    
    **methods** are the exact same as functions, but are tried to a class. 
    
    **Magic/dunder methods** are methods predefined by python that can be used for various things.
    
    **__init__** is a type of magic method, it is known as a constructor and initializes the objects attributes when its created
"""

class Person:
    """A class Representing a Human/Person"""
    
    # This is the constructor, whenever a new person is created it runs and can be used to assign the new person their attributes!
    def __init__(self, name, age, eye_color):
        # An attribute 
        self.name = name 
        self.age = age
        self.eye_color = eye_color
    
    # This is a method, note "self" must be passed as a paramater/arguement for it to access the attributes of... itself.
    def canApplyForLicence(self):
         if self.age >= 17:
             return f"{self.name} can apply for their driving permit!"
         else:
             return f"{self.name} is too young ({self.age}) and can not apply for a driving permit."


# Creates a new person with the following values
pedro = Person("Pedro", 19, "Brown") 

# Runs the canApplyForLicence method, and prints the return value
print(pedro.canApplyForLicence()) 

# Creates a Another new person with the following values (iain armitage if you wanted to know.)
Iain = Person("Iain", 16, "Blue") 

# Runs the canApplyForLicence method, and prints the return value
print(Iain.canApplyForLicence())