presentations_compsoc/src/slides/compsoc/1_domains-dns-oh-no.md

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title   = "Domains, DNS, oh no"
date    = 2024-04-03
slides  = false
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# Domains, DNS, oh no

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### Hello Class of CS4116

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So we use domains every day, even if ye dont know it

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52.30.181.100

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52.30.181.100 - Brightspace

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209.85.203.94

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209.85.203.94 - Google

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Those numbers arent very human friendly

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So what is teh solution?

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## Getting a domain!

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There are many domain hosts to go for

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And prices range from €1/year to €infinity/year

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* .ie
* .com
* .tk
* .coffee
* .eu
* .me
* .gay
* ...

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There is even .cat, though that is off limits to most of us.....

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I recommend using <<https://www.blacknight.com/>> for .ie

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And <<https://www.namecheap.com/>> for everything else

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I am going to focus on .ie

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These will set ye back ~&euro;7 for the first year.

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Then &euro;30 for every year afterwards

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Enter your perfect domain name into the big box

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![img.png](1_domains/img01.png)

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It will then show ye a list of options

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![img.png](1_domains/img02.png)

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Select one, add it to the cart

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In the config select ``I'm hosting my website somewhere else``

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Then add these two as nameservers: 
* ``nadia.ns.cloudflare.com``
* ``neil.ns.cloudflare.com``


Press ``Update`` then ``Checkout`` for payment

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You will verify that ye have a connection to Ireland

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Your Student ID will work for this

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Couldnt find a name that suited you in ASCII text?

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Have no fear!

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## Punycode to the rescue!

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Say you want ``brend&aacute;n.ie``

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But because of the ``&aacute;`` it is not a "normal" domain.

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Go to <<https://www.punycoder.com/>> and enter in your special domain

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Boom: ``xn--brendn-tta.ie``

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Or say ye wanted to go wild and have an Ogham domain name?

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``&#x1681;&#x168f;&#x1693;&#x1685;&#x1687;&#x1690;&#x1685;.com`` for example (brendan in Ogham)

[0]: https://gitlab.skynet.ie/compsoc1/compsoc/presentations/presentations/-/blob/ceb346fe8e8dfc553fff520de7864e96236e887a/src/slides/compsoc/1_domains-dns-oh-no.md#L163

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``&#x1681;&#x168f;&#x1693;&#x1685;&#x1687;&#x1690;&#x1685;.com`` becomes ``xn--7ueiah2bis.com``

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Magic!

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And congrats! You now have a domain.

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As we saw in the earlier slides a domain points to an IP address.

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Ye can point your domain to another domain.

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These go to the same location
* <<https://brendan.ie>>
* <<https://brendan.coffee>>

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So anyone in CS4116 would love to point  
<<https://hi-conor-ryan-give-me-a1.ie>>  
To their InfinityFree instance

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## For that we need DNS

InfinityFree has their own [(good) docs][1] for this.  
But I prefer to use [CNAME for this][2]

[1]: https://forum.infinityfree.com/docs?topic=49232
[2]: https://forum.infinityfree.com/docs?topic=87420

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Cloudflare is one of teh best DNS providers

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<<https://cloudflare.com>>

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Signup, you should know how to do this.....

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On teh homepage select ``Add a site`` 
![img.png](1_domains/img03.png)

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Enter in your domain (``hi-conor-ryan-give-me-a1.ie``)

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Will take little while for it to be activated.  

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So go make a cuppa.

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If ye are using InfinityFree checkout their [CNAME docs][2]

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Thats kinda the end of this, it is targeted to CS4116.