add mail server guide
This commit is contained in:
Robin Raymond
parent
8e86234228
commit
4c8a9eb15a
1 changed files with 199 additions and 48 deletions
247
README.md
247
README.md
|
|
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ None so far.
|
|||
* rename domain to fqdn, seperate fqdn from domains
|
||||
* multi domain support
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Deploy
|
||||
### Quick Start
|
||||
|
||||
```nix
|
||||
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
|
||||
|
|
@ -88,7 +88,204 @@ None so far.
|
|||
For a complete list of options, see `default.nix`.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Test
|
||||
|
||||
## How to Set Up a 10/10 Mail Server Guide
|
||||
Mail servers can be a tricky thing to set up. This guide is supposed to run you
|
||||
through the most important steps to achieve a 10/10 score on `mail-tester.com`.
|
||||
|
||||
What you need:
|
||||
|
||||
* A server with a public IP (referred to as `server-IP`)
|
||||
* A Fully Qualified Domain Name (`FQDN`) where your server is reachable. Note
|
||||
so that other servers can find yours. Common FQDN include `mx.example.com`
|
||||
(where `example.com` is a domain you own) or `mail.example.com`. The domain
|
||||
is referred to as `server-domain` (`example.com` in the above example) and
|
||||
the `FQDN` is referred to by `server-FQDN` (`mx.example.com` above).
|
||||
* A list of domains you want to your email server to serve. (Note that this
|
||||
does not have to include `server-domain`, but may of course). These will be
|
||||
referred to as `domains`. As an example, `domains = [ example1.com,
|
||||
example2.com ]`.
|
||||
|
||||
### A) Setup server
|
||||
|
||||
The following describes a server setup that is fairly complete. Even though
|
||||
there are more possible options (see `default.nix`), these should be the most
|
||||
common ones.
|
||||
|
||||
```nix
|
||||
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
|
||||
{
|
||||
imports = [
|
||||
(builtins.fetchTarball "https://github.com/r-raymond/nixos-mailserver/releases/tag/v2.0-rc1")
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
mailserver = {
|
||||
enable = true;
|
||||
fqdn = <server-FQDN>;
|
||||
domains = [ <domains> ];
|
||||
|
||||
# A list of all login accounts. To create the password hashes, use
|
||||
# mkpasswd -m sha-512 "super secret password"
|
||||
loginAccounts = {
|
||||
"user1@example.com" = {
|
||||
hashedPassword = "$6$/z4n8AQl6K$kiOkBTWlZfBd7PvF5GsJ8PmPgdZsFGN1jPGZufxxr60PoR0oUsrvzm2oQiflyz5ir9fFJ.d/zKm/NgLXNUsNX/";
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
"user2@example.com" = { ... };
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
# Virtual aliases. These are email addresses that are forwarded to
|
||||
# loginAccounts addresses.
|
||||
virtualAliases = {
|
||||
# address = forward address;
|
||||
"info@example.com" = "user1@example.com";
|
||||
"postmaster@example.com" = "user1@example.com";
|
||||
"abuse@example.com" = "user1@example.com";
|
||||
"user1@example2.com" = "user1@example.com";
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
# User Let's Encrypt certificates
|
||||
certificateScheme = 3;
|
||||
|
||||
# Enable IMAP and POP3
|
||||
enableImap = true;
|
||||
enablePop3 = true;
|
||||
enableImapSsl = true;
|
||||
enablePop3Ssl = true;
|
||||
|
||||
# whether to scan inbound emails for viruses (note that this requires at least
|
||||
# 1 Gb RAM for the server. Without virus scanning 256 MB RAM should be plenty)
|
||||
virusScanning = false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
After a `nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade` your sever should be good to go. If
|
||||
you want to use `nixops` to deploy the server, look in the subfolder `nixops`
|
||||
for some inspiration.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### B) Setup everything else
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 1: Set DNS entry for server
|
||||
|
||||
Add a DNS record to the domain `server-domain` with the following entries
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| `server-FQDN` | 10800 | A | | `server-IP` |
|
||||
|
||||
This resolved DNS equries for `server-FQDN` to `server-IP`. You can test if your
|
||||
setting is correct by
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ping <server-FQDN>
|
||||
64 bytes from <server-FQDN> (<server-IP>): icmp_seq=1 ttl=46 time=21.3 ms
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 2: Set rDNS (reverse DNS) entry for server
|
||||
Wherever you have rented your server, you should be able to set reverse DNS
|
||||
entries for the IP's you own. Add an entry resolving `server-IP` to
|
||||
`server-FQDN`
|
||||
|
||||
You can test if your setting is correct by
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
host <server-IP>
|
||||
<server-IP>.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer <server-FQDN>.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 3: Set `MX` Records
|
||||
|
||||
For all `domain` in `domains` do:
|
||||
* Add a `MX` record to the domain `domain`
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| `domain` | | MX | 10 | `server-FQDN` |
|
||||
|
||||
You can test this via
|
||||
```
|
||||
dig -t TXT <domain>
|
||||
|
||||
...
|
||||
;; ANSWER SECTION:
|
||||
<domain> 10800 IN MX 10 <server-FQDN>
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 4: Set `SPF` Records
|
||||
|
||||
For all `domain` in `domains` do:
|
||||
* Add a `SPF` record to the domain `domain`
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| `domain` | 10800 | TXT | | `v=spf1 ip4:<server-IP> -all` |
|
||||
|
||||
You can check this with `dig -t TXT <domain>` similar to the last section.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated. If you want to
|
||||
use multiple servers for your email handling, don't forget to add all server
|
||||
IP's to this list.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 5: Set `DKIM` signature
|
||||
|
||||
For all `domain` in `domains` do:
|
||||
* Go to your server and navigate to the dkim key directory (by default
|
||||
`/var/dkim`. There you will find a public key for any domain in the
|
||||
`domain.txt` file. It will look like
|
||||
```
|
||||
mail._domainkey IN TXT "v=DKIM1; r=postmaster; g=*; k=rsa; p=<really-long-key>" ; ----- DKIM default for domain.tld
|
||||
```
|
||||
* Add a `DKIM` record to the domain `domain`
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| mail._domainkey.`domain` | 10800 | TXT | | `v=DKIM1; p=<really-long-key>` |
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can check this with `dig -t TXT <domain>` similar to the last section.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### C) Test your Setup
|
||||
|
||||
Write an email to your aunt (who has been waiting for your reply far too long),
|
||||
and sign up for some of the finest newsletters the Internet has.
|
||||
|
||||
Besides that, you can send an email to `mail-tester.com` and see how you score,
|
||||
and let `http://mxtoolbox.com/` take a look at your setup, but if you followed
|
||||
the steps closely then everything should be awesome!
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## How to Backup
|
||||
|
||||
This is really easy. First off you should have a backup of your
|
||||
`configuration.nix` file where you have the server config (but that is already
|
||||
in a git repository right?)
|
||||
|
||||
Next you need to backup `/var/vmail` or whatever you have specified for the
|
||||
option `mailDirectory`. This is where all the mails reside. Good options are a
|
||||
cron job with `rsync` or `scp`. But really anything works, as it is simply a
|
||||
folder with plenty of files in it. If your backup solution does not preserve the
|
||||
owner of the files don't forget to `chown` them to `virtualMail:virtualMail` if you copy
|
||||
them back (or whatever you specified as `vmailUserName`, and `vmailGoupName`).
|
||||
|
||||
Finally you can (optionally) make a backup of `/var/dkim` (or whatever you
|
||||
specified as `dkimKeyDirectory`). If you should lose those don't worry, new ones
|
||||
will be created on the fly. But you will need to repeat step `B)5` and correct
|
||||
all the `dkim` keys.
|
||||
|
||||
## How to Test for Development
|
||||
|
||||
You can test the setup via `nixops`. After installation, do
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -111,52 +308,6 @@ openssl s_client -host mail.example.com -port 143 -starttls imap
|
|||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## How to Set Up a 10/10 Mail Server
|
||||
Mail servers can be a tricky thing to set up. This guide is supposed to run you
|
||||
through the most important steps to achieve a 10/10 score on `mail-tester.com`.
|
||||
|
||||
### Fully Qualified Domain Name
|
||||
No matter how many domains you want to serve on your mail server, you need to
|
||||
settle on a _Fully Qualified Domain Name_ (FQDN) where your server is reachable,
|
||||
so that other servers can find yours. Common FQDN include `mx.example.com`
|
||||
(where `example.com` is a domain you own) or `mail.example.com`.
|
||||
|
||||
After you settled on a FQDN (we will assume `mx.example.com` henceforth) you
|
||||
need to
|
||||
* Set a DNS entry on your domain to point to the IP of the server. For this
|
||||
add a DNS record such as
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| mx.example.com | 10800 | A | | `xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx` |
|
||||
|
||||
to your domain, where `xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx` is the IP of your server.
|
||||
|
||||
* Set a `rDNS` (reverse DNS) entry for your FQDN. You need to do so wherever
|
||||
you have rented your server. Make sure that `xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx` resolves to
|
||||
`mx.example.com`.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### MX Record
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| domain1.com | | MX | 10 | mx.exmaple.com |
|
||||
|
||||
### Spf record
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| domain1.com | 10800 | TXT | | `v=spf1 ip4:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -all` |
|
||||
|
||||
### DKIM signature
|
||||
|
||||
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
|
||||
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
|
||||
| dkim._domainkey.domain1.com | 10800 | TXT | | `v=DKIM1; p=yyyyyyyyyyyy` |
|
||||
|
||||
where `yyyyyyyyyyyy` is the `DKIM` signature
|
||||
|
||||
## A Complete Mail Server Without Moving Parts
|
||||
|
||||
### Used Technologies
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue