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README.md

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+# Python Catchup 2023 Supplementary Material

code/1_variables.py

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+"""
+In this example, we will learn how to use variables in python
+
+FYI: The thing in which I am currently writing is called a comment,
+this lets us explain our code.
+Comments can take this form, or the hashtag form
+
+Terms:
+
+RHS : Right Hand Side 
+LHS : Left Hand Side
+"""
+
+# Creating a new variable
+foo = 30
+
+bar = 12
+
+
+# We can see the values inside of variables by printing them to the terminal
+# Python has a special builtin function called 'print' that does this for us 
+print(foo)
+
+print(bar)
+
+# We assign the result of the expression on the RHS to the name on the LHS
+# In this case, the expression on the right is the sum of the variables 'foo'
+# and 'bar'
+summed = foo + bar
+
+
+# Printing the sum of foo and bar 
+# This should output '42' to the screen
+print(summed)
+
+
+# You can also re-assign variables
+bar = 39
+
+# This re-assignment does not affect the value of 'summed'
+print(summed) # Still 42
+
+# This is because python variables are immediately evaluated on assignment

code/2_types.py

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+"""
+In this example, we learn about the basic types available in python
+"""
+
+# An integer is any whole number
+integer_var = 23
+
+# A float is any mathematical rational value
+# But also has the ability to represent special values
+# such as NaN, Inf, and -Inf
+float_var = 12.47
+
+string_var = "Skynet is Alive"
+
+# A Boolean is either True or False
+# and you can logical ANDs, ORs, NOTs, etc. on them
+boolean_var = True
+
+
+# A list is, as the name suggessts, a list of data 
+# in python, the elements of a list can have different types 
+# as demonstrated below
+list_var = [42, 3.14159, "Heehee", False]
+
+
+# A Dictionary is a mapping of keys into values
+# These keys can be integers or strings
+# And the values can be just about anything
+dict_var = {
+    "Jan" : "January",
+    "Feb" : "February",
+    "Mar" : "March",
+    "Apr" : "April",
+    "May" : "May",
+    "Jun" : "June",
+    "Jul" : "July",
+    "Aug" : "August",
+    "Sep" : "September",
+    "Oct" : "October",
+    "Nov" : "November",
+    "Dec" : "December"
+}

code/3_type_operations.py

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+"""
+In this example, we will cover the operations that one can do on each of the primitive types
+
+"""
+
+
+"""
+On Integers, we can do all arithmetic operations
+The result type of a binary operation on two integers is an integer 
+
+One consequence of this, is that the division operator will implicitly floor the result because integers cannot represent decimal numbers
+
+On a division by 0, python will create a ZeroDivisionError, we will cover those later
+"""
+
+number1 = 11
+number2 = 12
+
+sum_var = number1 + number2 # 13
+dif_var = number1 - number2 # -1
+product_var = number1 * number2 # 132
+quotient_var = number1 / number2 # 0 (Floor of 11/12)
+
+
+"""
+On Floats, we have the exact same operations available as we do on integers
+The result type of a binary operation on two floats is a float 
+
+Because of this, division has the proper expected behavior with floats
+
+But prepare for a surprise!!
+Try printing out the sum_var after it is assigned, what value do you get?
+
+It should be 0.3, right?
+But you are getting 0.30000...0004,How Strange!
+This is actually a result of how computers store floating-point numbers 
+
+You know the way some numbers for us, such as 1/3 have a reccuring decimal place?
+In different numbering systems (bases), the numbers which require an infinite number of decimal places to represent changes
+In base 2 (binary), 3/10 needs infinite "decimals" to represent, since you cannot write 3/10 as the finite summation of 2^-x 
+It would require infinite decimal places, i.e infinite memory to represent, which is not possible
+so all we can do is approximate for it!
+Look up IEE 754 for more info https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754
+
+"""
+
+float1 = 0.1
+float2 = 0.2
+
+sum_var = float1 + float2        # 0.3
+dif_var = float1 - float2        # -0.1
+product_var = float1 * float2    # 0.02
+quotient_var = float1 / float2   # 0.5
+
+"""
+With Booleans, we can use all the logic operators that you covered in Discrete Math
+We can do boolean operators using their names, or their symbols
+and &&
+or  ||
+not !
+xor ^   The xor keyword does not work
+
+"""
+
+bool1 = True
+bool2 = True
+
+and_var = bool1 and bool2 # False
+or_var  = bool1 or bool2  # True
+not_var = not bool1       # False
+xor_var = bool1 ^ bool2   # True